Are China’s investigative probes into foreign companies selective and rooted in protectionism? Yu Xiang refutes these claims and explains how China’s antitrust legislation and enforcement has developed since its inception in 2008.

Are China’s anti-trust investigations into Western companies a form of protectionism? Companies like Qualcomm, Microsoft, Chrysler, and Audi were not the first to be subject to China’s anti-monopoly laws. Zhang Monan explains that many domestic companies have also faced penalties, allowing China to establish a law-ruled market economy.