Trump cannot easily replicate his muscular intervention in South America because conditions are far different. But the methods that appeared effective in Venezuela are ill-suited to a territory that is deeply embedded in alliance politics and the international legal order.

Is the United States engaging in retrenchment or a new form of hegemony? Venezuela and Greenland are not separate stories but a single thread. A more transactional, more emotional and more coercion-oriented U.S. is taking shape.

The Russia-Ukraine conflict has disrupted the governance of the northern region, posing a threat to economic cooperation and risking military escalation. Changes to the framework and their effect on Russia are worthy of close attention going forward.

The U.S. exaggerates the Russian military threat while strengthening the military position of its allies, which shows the American double standard unambiguously. Russia’s proposals for reform of the Arctic Council were dismissed out of hand by Blinken, who insisted on an American approach.

An act recently introduced in Congress sets the tone for the Biden administration as it unilaterally attempts to cement the role of the United States as arbiter of security matters in the Arctic region. But China must safeguard its own interests.

President Trump’s interest in Greenland is sensible considering the strategic and economic importance of the Arctic — a region that also interests China, Russia, and other great powers, but the United States could be doing more to strengthen its ties to Denmark and its territory.

America’s top diplomat, Mike Pompeo, recently attacked China’s Arctic activities. But this criticism lacks coherence and a basis in international law — China’s proposed “Polar Silk Road,” among other projects including infrastructure and scientific research, are lawful and mutually beneficial.

China is looking to develop its polar strategies and increase its participation in global polar governance initiatives. This proactive stance will almost certainly clash with an American agenda, regardless of the administration.

As global warming increases, China is increasingly looking to the Arctic. Other countries have reason to be wary.

While much attention has focused on Chinese efforts to make economic in-roads on land, observers may have missed the country’s expansion to the north, along the Polar Silk Road.